Programmable controllers have been in use for more than 40 years, providing industrial control processing to manage electromechanical devices. Programmable controllers were developed to replace old-style, relay-based controls. These controllers provide much benefit over relay-based control systems, requiring a lot less space to execute the same amount of control logic. In addition, these controllers are programmable devices that provide more flexibility than relay-based systems and allow changes to be made without extensive rewiring required. Over the years, these controllers have provided numerous technologic advances and additional capabilities. One key advance in technology has been the ability to apply two programmable controllers in a redundant configuration. Russelectric has been incorporating backup redundancy into switchgear control solutions since the early 1970s.

In the late 1980s, Russelectric developed the software to utilize the GE Fanuc 90/30 PLCs in a redundant, “Hot‐Standby” configuration. Each PLC was configured in a rack with localized rack I/O. This design was improved with the use of distributed I/O, which has worked quite well to provide redundant PLC operation utilizing Genius bus communication protocol. An example of this architecture is shown in Figure 1. GE no longer supports the Genius Communication and the 90/30 PLCs, which have been discontinued and are obsolete. Replacement parts and support are becoming harder to find. The 90/30 PLCs have been replaced with the newer RX3i PACs system controllers that utilize unique reflective memory technology. This allows these newer PLCs to be configured in a redundant synchronized configuration with bumpless switchover in the event of a failure or for maintenance and troubleshooting purposes. This unique reflective memory technology keeps the CPUs synchronized with simple configuration and minimal impact to application performance.

> FIGURE 1.

Figure 1.jpg

Figure 2 shows the arrangement with the reflective memory modules that provide dedicated, redundant, fiber communication links between the two PLC processors. GE recommends that each PLC be equipped with two redundant RMX modules as shown. The communication to the I/O is done in a ring configuration utilizing Profinet communication protocol. Profinet provides real-time control of the I/O with robust industrial Ethernet communication using the MRP standard technology for Ethernet rings.

> FIGURE 2.

Figure 2.jpg

Ring redundancy minimizes the likelihood and impact of network failures while allowing system updates and maintenance without stopping the process. Communication is bidirectional whereby a break in the ring will not affect the communication from the PLCs to the I/O providing a redundant communication path or what is known as a self‐healing ring.

The recommendation for true redundant PLC control is to have two redundant RMX modules in each PLC as key to providing this PLC redundancy, eliminating conflicts that can happen if only one RMX module is utilized by each PLC.