However, the design community as a whole appears to be awakening to the reality that simple, occupant- and resource-friendly building elements can be entirely compatible and even synergistic with the application of more advanced technologies in comfort system elements. It is also becoming apparent that the application of advanced technologies has the capacity to significantly improve the sustainability of building projects. As a result of this progress, it is now becoming essential that designers consider advanced technologies in their green building comfort system designs.
Evaluating the Potential Benefits of Advanced Technologies
The first step in considering advanced technologies for a green building project is to determine what benefits these technologies can bring to a design. The answer for many projects is that advanced technologies offer large potential reductions in comfort system energy use. New network enabled system configuration and control technologies that are made possible with the Equal Marginal Performance Principle1 have the capacity to achieve significant reductions in electric energy for the fans, pumps, and compressors that are fundamental components of many building comfort systems. Use of these technologies makes it possible to configure integrated building comfort systems that can generate and deliver comfort with considerable reductions in electric energy use.
Figure 1 shows a comparison between cooling system electric energy usage for an office building in the Southwestern U.S. when an optimized conventional system (green bars) is reconfigured to a network-based system of the same first cost (blue bars). It is important to note that the comparative (percentage) reductions shown in Figure 1 remain essentially the same as the building envelope and other aspects of the building are designed for improved efficiency. This means that the electric energy budget for cooling in many buildings can be expected to be cut about in half when the conventionally optimized cooling system is reconfigured for network controls. And these savings can be achieved without increasing the cost of the system.
Making Advanced Technology Systems Work
Reducing building comfort system electrical energy use by half without adding to the construction budget is certainly an attractive design option, especially for green buildings, but achieving this level of reduction is not as simple as merely adjusting the project drawings and specifications to incorporate newer network-based technologies and control concepts. Designers must also recognize that the current processes by which building systems are designed, constructed, and turned over for operation are not usually effective in supporting the application of newer technologies. So, to achieve success with advanced technologies, the design team must be ready to change the project process as well as the technologies that will be applied.The root of the "process" problem in applying more advanced technologies to building comfort systems is the disconnect, or lack of effective communication, between the various entities in a building construction project. The designer, individual contractors, equipment suppliers, commissioning agent, and system operators are the key players in achieving a successfully operating building comfort system. But in many projects, there is little or no opportunity for all to sit together and discuss freely how the basic elements of the design intent will be provided in the equipment, installed, verified, and supported in operation. As a result, building systems that employ even a small variance from conventional comfort system technologies run a high risk of underachieving their performance goals.
There are then two elements upon which designers must focus to apply advanced technologies effectively in their green building projects if they wish to maximize the performance of these projects. First, designers need to assemble a team that truly understands and is ready to support all the technologies that are desired for the project. Second, designers need to work with the architect and owner to ensure the process empowers the design team with the ability to ensure the technologies are properly applied in order that the performance expectations of the design are achieved.
Verification of System Performance
One of the most important aspects of adjusting the conventional building design and construction process to support the application of more advanced technologies is to incorporate a simple and effective ongoing system performance verification process within the system design. Such a performance verification process need not be expensive nor cumbersome when it is applied into the same intelligent Web-based network system that is incorporated as the platform for the advanced controls employed to achieve the higher level of building energy performance. Such Web-based systems permit contractors, the commissioning agent, and later the operations and maintenance staff or contractors, to collect real-time information on operational anomalies that can be quickly diagnosed and remedied with oversight from the designers - simply and inexpensively.
To be successful, such a performance verification process must be a central element of the project design. It must be simple to use, and it must provide useful performance information and make available more detailed information, both real-time and historical. With this information, any operational anomaly or performance shortcoming can be quickly and easily diagnosed remotely and corrective actions coordinated for effective and prompt resolution.
